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The reader should make full use of the index to find all references to a particular subject and also the meanings of Latin words and other terms. Where this occurs, repetition of information has been kept to a minimum. For example, wall paintings and mosaics can be considered from the structural viewpoint (under building techniques) or as works of art. INTRODUCTION Because often a particular topic can be viewed in more than one way, it may be covered in more than one section. For help in obtaining or supplying photographs, we would like to thank Stephen Minnitt (Somerset County Museums Service, Taunton, England) and Ralph Jackson. Also, for reading and commenting on specific chapters, we are most grateful to Miranda Aldhouse-Green, Valerie Maxfield and Stephen Minnitt. Thanks are also due to Jeremy Eagle for redrawing all the maps.Į are particularly grateful to Ernest Black for his immeasurable help in reading and commenting on the entire manuscript. For the revised edition, we are grateful to Facts On File, in particular Claudia Schaab, for giving us the opportunity to undertake the work. Finally, we would like to thank our editor Sheila Dallas for all her work. We are, of course, indebted to all the authors of the published sources that we have consulted. RELIGION State Religion Priests Gods and Goddesses Religious Observance Festivals Mystery Religions Atheism Magic and Superstition Religious Buildings Ritual Objects ReadingĢ73 274 276 279 309 314 320 326 326 327 332 336ĮCONOMY AND INDUSTRY Coinage Prices and Inflation Weights and Measures Industries ReadingĮVERYDAY LIFE Time Personal Relationships Population Slaves Food and Drink Personal Appearance Entertainment Punishment Medicine Philosophy Death and Afterlife Readingģ73 374 376 379 379 380 382 385 390 391 393 393 396ĪCKNOWLEDGMENTS express our thanks to the Joint Library of the Hellenic and Roman Societies for their assistance in obtaining books. WRITTEN EVIDENCE Latin Language Writing Education Ancient Literature and Authors Inscriptions Personal Names Numerals Reading Rivers and Canals Pirates Harbors Trade of Goods Reading TRAVEL AND TRADE Maps and Itineraries Roads Bridges and Tunnels Milestones Land Transport Merchant Ships TOWNS AND COUNTRYSIDE Town Planning Centuriation Types of Town Town Amenities Villas Gardens Architects and Surveyors Building Techniques Decoration and Art Agriculture Readingġ39 140 141 141 143 158 161 162 164 172 177 181 GEOGRAPHY OF THE ROMAN WORLD Expansion and Contraction of the Roman World The Provinces Place-Names Reading MILITARY AFFAIRS History of the Legions Numbering and Stations of Legions Organization of Legions Alae Sociorum Garrison at Rome Auxiliaries The Navy Conditions of Service Active Service Weapons and Equipment HonorsĬamps, Forts and Fortresses Frontiers Reading REPUBLIC AND EMPIRE Dates of Events Prominent People Emperors Social Structure Government Taxes and Finance Laws Reading You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at Text design by Cathy Rincon Cover design by Semadar Megged Illustrations by Jeremy Eagle Printed in the United States of America IBT Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. DG75.A35 2004 937-dc22įacts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Heads of state-Rome-History-Chronology-Handbooks, manuals, etc. Rome-History-Chronology-Handbooks, manuals, etc. ISBN 0-8160-5026-0 Rome-Civilization-Handbooks, manuals, etc. Includes bibliographical references and index.
Handbook to life in ancient Rome / Lesley Adkins and Roy A. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adkins Lesley. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome, Updated Edition Copyright © 2004, 1994 Lesley Adkins and Roy A. HANDBOOK TO LIFE IN ANCIENT ROME Updated Edition
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